Viral epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of viral infections in populations, with a focus on understanding the factors that contribute to the transmission of viruses and the dynamics of viral outbreaks. This research area involves studying how viruses spread, mutate, and interact with host populations, as well as the impact of viral infections on public health. Researchers in viral epidemiology use a variety of methods, including mathematical modeling, genomics, and epidemiological studies, to better understand how viruses circulate in populations and how to control and prevent the spread of viral diseases. The ultimate goal of viral epidemiology is to inform public health strategies and interventions to reduce the burden of viral infections on human populations.